NU12 for June 5, 2012 (8/12) by Mike Ligayo - Waster Treatment

Prof. Jorge,

Below is my 8th NU12.

Regards,
Michael Ligayo

--------------------

REDUCTION OF COLOR IN WASTEWATER USING WASTE AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS

Background

Almost every industry uses dyes and pigments to color its products. Color makes the products look more attractive and pleasing to the eye. According to research, color has an effect on how the product will sell in the market. Thus, dyes and pigments play an important role to various industries. This is most especially true to the textile industry, one of the major industries of Asia. Without color, textile products will not be attractive to its consumers. In almost all cases, colors give clothing the designs and patterns that make it unique and attractive. Nigam, et. al, 1995, reported that the annual world production of dyestuffs is about 640,000 tons. Of this amount, 56% are textile dyes, 23.5% are pigments, and 14% are dyes for paper and the rest for various other uses. There are approximately about 10,000 dyes and pigments available in the market. In the Philippines, it was reported in the Philippine Statistical Yearbook 2000 that in 1996, there are about 556 registered textile establishments and the ratio between the products per by-products sold were 27,033,239. In the following year, the number of registered textile establishments increased to 583 and the products per by-products sold were 30,571,487. The trend in these numbers only indicated that the textile industry is a continually growing local industry.

However, despite the many uses of textile to various industries, textile color, an effluent characteristic, which is easily detected and readily traced back to its source (Dogan, 2000), is a visible indicator of pollution (Porter, 1999).

McKay (1982) stated that in the textile industry, about 10-20% of the total mass of dyes used in the processes is lost as effluents through incomplete exhaustion and washing. He further mentioned that the current treatment processes for dye-containing effluents are only capable of removing about half of the lost dyes, the rest find their way into the environment, either as dissolved or suspended in water. On a daily basis, the world produces about 1 to 2 million gallons of textile wastewater. The amount of effluent produced per pound of fabric processed is about 10-35 gallons (Allen, 1999). In the Philippines, Saluta (2000) reported that textile mills discharge about 42,000 liters of wastewater on a daily basis. Despite all these wastewater produced, the textile industry only reuses about 10% of its process water (Lund, 1971).

Effect of Color on Water

Color in the body of water creates a "blanket" on its upper surface, thereby, preventing the entry of valuable sunlight to the bottom of the body of water, where most photosynthetic plants live. This results to an anaerobic condition at the bottom of the body of water and prevents production of oxygen by photosynthesis. Oxygen is valuable to the reduction of the total organic load of the body of water. Existing Philippine regulations on color include the Department of Environment and Natural Resources Administrative Order No. 34 and No. 35 (otherwise, known as DAO 34 and DAO 35, respectively). The former dealt with the revised water usage and classification, while the latter dealt with the revised effluent regulations.

Alternative Technologies

Today, the methods of color removal from industrial effluents include biological treatment, coagulation, flotation, adsorption, oxidation and hyperfiltration. Among these treatment options, adsorption appears to have a considerable potential (Porter, 1999). Weber (1978), as cited by McKay (1999), enumerated the advantages of adsorption over the other methods. These include: (1) less land area (half to quarter of what is required in a biological system), (2) lower sensitivity to diurnal variation, (3) not being effected by toxic chemicals, (4) greater flexibility in the design and operation, and (5) superior removal of organic contaminants.

Present technology uses activated carbon as adsorbent for the removal of color, taste, odor and many other organic contaminants, specifically, those that are biologically resistant. Others use agricultural wastes, such as: rice husk, bark and cotton waste (McKay et. al, 1999); corncob (El-Geundi, 1990); rice hull (Saminiano, 2002); coconut husk (Manalo, 2001); wood shavings (Abo Elela, et. al, 1987); sunflower stalk (Sun et. al, 1997); corn pith (Fegi, Jr., 2001); natural clay (Hawash, et. al, 1993); peat, bentonite and fly ash (Ramakrishna, et. al, 1997); perlite (Dogan et. al, 2000); and lignite (Allen, et. al, 1989).  One of the new possible adsorbent is sugarcane bagasse. Generally, sugarcane bagasse is used as an energy source in the sugar industry. However, the amount of sugarcane bagasse produced is so much that many sugar factories treat it as solid waste. The Philippine Statistical Yearbook 2000 reported that in 1999, about 375,300 hectares of land are being allotted for sugarcane. The annual production of sugarcane in the Philippines in the same year is about 22,292,900 metric tons, costing about 18280.2 million pesos. Of this total production, Hugot (1972) reported that about 24-30% on mass basis is being disposed as bagasse.

The Proposal

The Philippines is rich in agricultural crops and ultimately, on agricultural wastes, being an agriculturally based country. Further, it is oftentimes the problem as to where our farmers would dump the agricultural waste. For example, in Bay, Laguna (where I live), farmers are prohibited to burn the agricultural wastes in an effort not to pollute the air. However, the agricultural wastes are left to rot in the garbage and in the farmlands. This is part of the problem that is causing the dumpsite (near San Pablo, Laguna) to get over-filled. If we are going to use the agricultural wastes to reduce color in the effluents of factories, these agricultural wastes can be of great use. This is especially since Laguna is rich in factories that release color-rich effluents. (An example of this factory is the Litton Mills that creates jeans.) The benefits of utilizing these wastes would be a better Laguna Lake – having an aerobic condition – and would probably have prevented the recent fish kill.

The Process

The process of utilizing these agricultural wastes is pretty simple. The wastes should be dried and ground to powder form. Then, then can be introduced to the wastewater at certain concentrations depending on the darkness of the color of the water. Heat can be introduced to hasten the adsorption. Finally, filtration can be applied to remove the powdered agricultural wastes together with the chemicals that cause the color of the water. The process works best with organic chemicals such as dyes. <tanong ako sa iyo paano maiaapply to the deceased?> 4

NU 12 by ML -New Purchasing Process

Hey, Your friend Michael t. ligayo recommends this SlideShare presentation. Re-Engineering the Purchasing Process… Prof. Jorge, Here is my NU12 for May 22, 2012. Regards, Michael T. Ligayo ---------- Oftentimes, the purchasing process is one of the most bureaucratic processes in a company. This is since there are a lot of chances that this process can be abused. However, the numerous steps is also taking a lot of time and causing a lot of delays that may not be beneficial to the company. In this presentation, a really tedious purchasing process was overhauled through a combination of waste identification and elimination and automation. View presentation Want more from SlideShare? Go PRO

4

NU12 for May 15, 2012 - Michael Ligayo - Unclaimed Lost Baggage

Prof. Jorge,

Below is my NU12 for May 15, 2012.

Regards,
Michael Ligayo

--------------------

Unclaimed Baggage Center

Over the past few years, the emergence of the ukay-ukay that sells used clothes has been gaining a lot of fuzz. In fact, there are a lot of building spaces that eventually opened up to house a new ukay-ukay shop. You will definitely notice the sudden popping of establishments with hundreds and hundreds of hangers with non-identical clothes. The main reason for all the limelight that this industry is getting is simply the price. Imagine getting clothes for as low as PHP10. Who wouldn't be excited to get their hands into this merchandise? For now, let's keep this idea as we develop this highly probable industry.

On a different note, the recent brawl between celebrities Raymart Santiago and Claudine Barretto against journalist Mon Tulfo has been broadcasted by the evening news to start of because apparently the luggage of Ms. Barretto was brought back to Manila from Boracay under a different flight of Cebu Pacific. This resulted to a problem wherein the luggage of Ms. Barretto could not be claimed by the latter. The story went on and became an instant headline for at least a week now.

But I don't want to focus on the brawl. I would like to focus on the opportunity behind this issue. According to statistics, about 99.5% of all checked-in luggage are claimed or picked-up by the owners at the baggage carousel in airports. Thus, roughly about 0.5% to about 1% don't get to their owners. Of the 0.5% to 1%, about 95% reaches their owners (that is after five days). Of the remaining quantity of unclaimed baggage, about half of them find their way to their owners after 3 months of intense search process. The rest of the remaining unclaimed, unfounded luggage are paid of by the airlines and / or insurance companies.

To make it clearer, let's do the math. Assuming there are 100,000,000 passengers a year (which is the approximate number in domestic flights in the United States alone), each with only 1 luggage,

                      100,000,000 * (1 – 0.995) = 500,000 mishandled luggage

                      500,000 (1 - .95) = 25,000 luggage (not returned after 5 days)

                      25,000 * 0.50 = 12,500 luggage (not returned after 3 months)

Based on the numbers given above, about 12,500 luggage don't get returned and paid only by the airline or insurance company. This quantity is only based on the best performance of airline. What if they poorly perform in handling baggage such as what happened in 2005 when there is 6.20% rate of mishandled baggage or in 2006, when there 5.86% rate? Clearly, there is an opportunity in these numbers. It is actually expected that these numbers will rise with the release of cheaper flights resulting in more travel, heavier bags, overbooked flights and even, weather-related delays. The number of travels will result in more complicated handling of baggage and will surely drive-up the rate of mishandled baggage.

The next question is: What happens to the unclaimed luggage, which, as in the case above is around 12,500 pieces? What happens to the luggage and contents? Here is where the opportunity comes from. These luggages along with their contents can be sold on thrift shops. It is actually surprising what people put in their check-in luggage. According to Discovery Channel's TLC, people interesting items in their luggage such as memorabilia and artwork, electronic gadgets especially digital cameras, souvenirs, jewelries and even wedding dresses.

How to Start the Business

There are several critical key points that need to be done in order to start with this business:

·       Obtain a contract with airlines and other transportation companies to purchase luggage that cannot be traced by owners.

·       Hire pricing experts or at least those with experience in appraising. The items that go with the luggage can be very surprising. Without the right appraisal, the company cannot maximize the value that it can get out of it.

·       The items, especially the luggages, may require a thorough cleaning. The company should know where to bring the items for cleaning or it would be best if the company itself knows and has the facilities to do the cleaning – from art pieces and memorabilia, clothes and even jewelries. It is very important that by the time the pieces go to the sales floor, it will look like brand-new.

·       There should a contact with a recycling facility. Of course, it is not always that 100% of the contents can be sold. Some of the contents may no longer be saleable and may need to be either donated or simply, recycled.

What's Good With This Business

At first glance, this business might look like just a different form of ukay-ukay. But there are a lot more to this. Here are some good things about this business:

·       The capital requirement is just very similar to that of an ordinary ukay-ukay.

·       Technically, this industry is based on trash – meaning, there is high return since the variable cost is very small.

·       Help is being provided to airline and other transportation companies in disposing these "wastes".

·       There is a big market. With the emergence and fuzz about ukay-ukay, expanding it further to becoming higher-end thrift shops can be a great potential.

·       To those who lost very important items, they will be given a chance to find them. (The company may even set-up a lost and found service for documents, IDs and other very important stuff that they find on the luggage.) 4

NU6 - by ML New Applications for Permission Marketing R100022

New Applications for Permission Marketing
R100022

Permission marketing is in itself a fairly new practice. The term was actually popularized by Seth Godin (who is the author of the book I will be reporting about in my Special Report). Godin said that in traditional marketing, marketers have overwhelmed consumers with too much information and consumers have now become too hard to reach because they, or rather we, have become so used to advertising noise that we have learned to ignore these. Permission marketing is different from other more traditional forms of marketing because marketers obtain permission first from the consumer before proceeding with the actual marketing. We can see this in action in opt-in email newsletters, Facebook Fan Pages, and Twitter accounts where consumers can subscribe to updates about companies and its products. My ideas below take the concept of permission marketing further.

1. Ad subsidized downloadable movies/TV shows

Websites like iTunes.com and Amazon.com sell downloadable movies and TV shows online. In iTunes for example, movies usually sell for $14.99 and TV shows for $2.99 per episode. My idea would be to subsidize these downloadable files with advertising similar to how TV shows are subsidized by commercials on TV. These subsidized downloadable movies and TV shows could then be sold for a lower price than non-subsidized downloads. Consumers would then have the choice of buying either the subsidized movies/TV shows and watching the ads, or paying more for the ad-less version. They key here is not to force the ads on the consumers but to give them a choice. People who despise ads would be more than willing to fork over the extra cash while people who don't mind watching ads will most likely go for the subsidized version. This form of marketing can be targeted as well, since advertisers can put their ads on movies or TV shows which they think their demographic would be most likely to watch. For example, if an advertiser would like to target teenage girls, he could probably put his ads in episodes of Hannah Montana or the movie Twilight. :-)4

2. Subscription based product sampling

We all know that one of the most common marketing tactics of beauty companies are giving out samples of their products. However, sampling that is not targeted can be ineffective and inefficient. My idea is to give out samples to those who actually want them and those who will be most likely to buy such products in the future. I actually got this idea from a US based company called Birchbox. It is a membership company where women pay to receive random beauty product samples monthly by mail. I can set up a company similar to this here in the Philippines. For starters, I will partner with several beauty companies and arrange an agreement with them to distribute samples of their products. I will consider charging these companies for this privilege since I will be certainly doing them a valuable service by giving out samples of their products to potential customers. I can offer two types of subscriptions: high end (where subscribers can receive samples from companies like Shu Uemura, Shiseido, Bobbie Brown, MAC, etc.) and mid range (where subscribers can receive samples from companies like Lloreal, Maybelline, Cover Girl, etc.). Fees for high end subscriptions will of course be more expensive than that of mid range subscriptions. Each subscriber can also pick out product types that they are interested in (like lengthening mascaras or liquid foundations) as well as fill out a profile (like hair color, skin tone, etc.) to ensure that they will be getting colors appropriate for their type. 4

NU6 - A New Idea for Advertising by ML

A New Idea for Advertising
By: R100022

When I was a kid, I was fascinated with the flashing neon signs used for advertising that was dotted along EDSA. As I grew older however, these signs were slowly replaced by huge lighted billboards and LED screens. Now, we are bombarded with many forms of advertising, whether on billboards, on TV, on the internet, on magazines, or even on small screens inside taxi cabs. We have to face it... no matter what form they may be in, advertising is and will always be present in our daily lives. My new idea involves a new and different venue for advertising a company's products and services, which if used correctly has the potential to be very effective.

Most if not all airlines nowadays allow consumers to book and pay for their tickets online. After completing the transaction, an e-ticket will be sent to the passenger through email. Some airlines also allow passengers to check-in online several hours before the actual flight. In such cases, the passengers' boarding passes are also sent through email. In both cases, these emailed documents are required to be printed out by the passenger and presented upon check-in. The same goes to online booking for many hotels around the globe—customers complete the transaction online and the hotel sends the printable accommodation voucher through email.

This presents an opportunity for these establishments such as Cebu Pacific Air, Philippine Airlines, and Shangri-la Hotel, to offer ad space in their printable e-tickets, boarding passes, or vouchers. There is a ton of potential for this since most of the time these establishments already require some information about the passengers (i.e. gender, birthday, location). Since they already have access to this valuable information, they could therefore opt to offer targeted ad placements to advertisers which has the potential to be more effective than traditional ads.

For example, a Singaporean women's apparel store could buy ad space in all e-tickets/boarding passes of women headed for Singapore. They could place advertisements that come in the form of discount coupons to their stores. This would be a win-win-win situation for the airline (who would have earned from the ad placement), the passenger (who would have a discount she can avail), and the advertiser (who would have more customers).

To take this idea further, instead of individual companies looking for individual advertisers which could be time consuming and inefficient, it is also possible to create an agency, a middle man of some sort, to centralize this process. This agency would partner with the many hotels and airlines around the world and create a catalogue of advertising opportunities that could be presented to advertisers.  The potential for an operation like this is endless.4

NU6 by ML - A new way to shop using QR codes

A new way to shop for groceries: by ML

Many people are living very fast paced lifestyles that require them to take advantage of every waking moment in order to make the most out of their days. I would have to say that I am one of those people. I hate time wasters and I try to find more efficient ways to do my essential tasks. One of the most tiresome tasks for me is going grocery shopping. The entire process of going to the grocery, walking down numerous isles to search for the things I need, lining up by the cashier to pay for everything, and lugging my purchases to the car or taxi cab are so time consuming and tedious for me.

We can take advantage of QR codes, which most smart phones can read in order to make grocery shopping fast, easy, and effortless. QR codes are those two-dimensional visual codes with black and white matrix patterns. Here in the Philippines, they are usually posted on billboards and posters and used to link viewers to their promotional websites.

My idea is to create virtual grocery storefronts at places that people frequent like MRT stations, bus stations, malls, office buildings, basically any place where people are likely to pass by or hang out. These virtual grocery stores will be in the form of a huge billboard that will show a virtual display of grocery products each with a QR code at the bottom. These will work in conjunction with a mobile application created for iPhones, Android phones, Blackberry phones, and Windows phones, which are the most popular mobile phone operating systems nowadays.

The process of buying would be quick and simple... he would simply start the application on his mobile phone, scan the corresponding QR code using his phone's camera and enter how many units of the item he would like to buy. This is then saved to his virtual shopping basket and he can continue shopping by looking at the other products in the billboard and scanning the corresponding QR codes of the items he would also like to buy. After he is done shopping, he can save these purchases to his account which he can then review on his computer when he gets home or purchase them right then and there through his mobile phone, using a credit card preregistered to his secure account. No more fiddling with cash or credit card numbers. The grocery items are then delivered to his doorstep the following day. The virtual grocery store need not charge for delivery since it can offset its delivery costs with the eliminated costs of maintaining a huge grocery store and employing a lot of grocery attendants. Perhaps it can just impose a minimum purchase amount similar to what restaurants do when they deliver. Aside from this, they can charge merchants for premium product placement in its virtual grocery storefronts. This would create more passive income for the company.

I also have a few more ideas to enhance the mobile phone application to make it even easier for users to purchase items.

• The ability to create offline shopping list
• Location based reminders to notify the user when he is in the vicinity of a virtual grocery storefront
• The ability to save previous purchases for easy one-click re-ordering
• Promotional notifications sent to the user featuring discounted items and other promos
• Recommendation services where users can post reviews of items they purchased and read reviews for items they are interested in purchasing

This process could essentially convert our weekly or monthly grocery chore into something we can accomplish within a few minutes. With this system, we can even transform our grocery shopping into something resembling a just in time practice, only buying things which we immediately need and eliminating waste related to buying in bulk. All in all, this system would make grocery shopping almost enjoyable and certainly not tiresome for me anymore. 4 Who wrote this please?

Nu 6 by ML, Mobile Lifestyle

New Attitudes/Paradigms: Enabling a Mobile Lifestyle

by: R100022
We are undergoing a drastic change from being tied to the office or in front of the computer to a completely mobile and dynamic lifestyle. Technology is the big enabler for this rapid change in attitudes and paradigms and both hardware and software are developing and moving us into this new direction.  Below are some of my ideas on how we can take advantage of today's technology to become truly mobile.

Data on the go:

Becoming truly mobile starts with having access to the internet where ever we may be. For this, we need a mobile data plan. Ideally, we should have all our gadgets (i.e. cellphone, laptop, tablet, etc.) connected to the internet. However, subscribing to a data plan for each of these gadgets would be too much of a money drain. The best solution would be to have a pocket wifi device which can provide us with an always-on wifi hot-spot where ever we are. A pocket wifi device is small and unbtrusive, and we can easily keep this in our handbag or gadget bag while we are on the go. Both Smart Communications and Sun Cellular offer their own pocket wifi device and postpaid plans. These enables subscribers to connect up to 5 gadgets to the internet (which is sufficient for me to say the least) and they have different plans to choose from. Personally, I would go for an unlimited data plan for a worry-free mobile lifestyle.

Gadgets:

While before a mobile lifestyle meant having a pager and a huge mobile phone strapped to your belt, we now have at our disposal a slew of awesome gadgetry that can practically replace our secretaries to say the very least. Here are a few of my top picks:

• iPhone - aside from calls and text messages, the iPhone (or Android or Windows phone) can do so much more like email, GPS, social networking, music, videos, games, and many many more.
• iPad - if you don't do anything that requires sheer computing power, I could say that the iPad (or Android tablets like the Samsung Galaxy Tab) can replace your laptop. You can read and reply to emails, browse the internet, watch videos, manage your schedule, play games, view and edit presentations, documents, and spreadsheets, etc. 
• Amazon Kindle - book lovers can enjoy all their bestsellers in one compact ebook reader. The e-ink technology minimizes eye fatigue since it mimics printed text and the international 3G version can connect to local 3G mobile networks for free which you can use for downloading ebooks and reading popular blogs.

Cloud computing:

Cloud computing has been such a hot buzzword in recent years but I must say that this recent trend makes perfect sense. Storing our data and even our applications on the cloud (i.e. the internet) removes our reliance on local hard drives and enables our data and applications to be easily accessible from all of our devices. While cloud computing is still at the early stages of development, there are already a considerable amount of services we can use to get our data on the cloud. Here are a few of the most notable:

• Dropbox (dropbox.com) - this service synchronizes files across all user devices. It practically eliminates the need to keep usb drives since data can easily be accessed from any device that is connected to the internet, and is automatically backed up and synchronized. I currently use this service to store all files that I would need to access on the go. I have this application installed on my office pc, my personal laptops, and my iPhone. I have also encouraged all my MBA groupmates to create shared Dropbox folders where all the members of the group can edit and save files. This makes collaborating on papers and presentations so much more easier than sending files back and forth through email.
• iCloud (apple.com/icloud/)- this is Apple's new value added offering that takes advantage of cloud computing. This application allows you to seamlessly sync all your data (music, photos, videos, documents, etc.) across all your Apple devices. This is great and all but is limited to just Apple devices so if you're a "PC" or an "Android" you would be out of luck. This service is supposed to be launched today (October 12) and I'm waiting with bated breath to try it. :-)
• Amazon Cloud Drive (amazon.com/clouddrive/)  - I haven't tried this yet but many are saying this is similar to Dropbox. It's good to have options so I would also recommend those who would want to go mobile to consider this service as well. 

Traffic Monitoring:

And lastly, being mobile may also mean being at the mercy of the terrible Metro Manila traffic. To help us decide which route is the least of all evil, MMDA has launched a website (http://mmdatraffic.interaksyon.com/system-view.php), an iPhone application, as well as an Android application designed to show the latest traffic updates in many of the major roads in the metro. I have this application on my iPhone and I can say that it has been a lifesaver on more than one occasion, especially since my job often requires me to travel back and forth Metro Manila.

There are so much more gadgets and applications to enable a mobile lifestyle that it wouldn't be practical to discuss them all here. Let's just say that I only exposed the tip of the iceberg. However, part of the fun of converting our lifestyle into a mobile one is discovering what new technologies can help us manage it better. I encourage everyone to keep discovering and learning. Enjoy

3 for the MMDA traffic apps.  The idea behind NU6 is t make something your own.  To create not just give me menu or list of improvements

NU6 - by ML, Locker Store Concept

New Business Idea: Locker store concept as an alternative or supplement to online selling
By: R100022

We are all probably aware of the online selling boom happening right now in the Philippines. These online sellers utilize a variety of websites to post and advertise their items for sale (ebay.ph, multiply.com, facebook.com, sulit.com.ph, etc.). There are many advantages to selling online—there is little to no fixed overhead costs, the effort required to keep the business running is minimal, and it allows sellers to reach a huge audience without the need for expensive advertising.

However, there are disadvantages to selling online as well. (1) Buyers are not able to see the actual items for sale which may cause them to hesitate from buying the products. (2) Shipping adds to the price of the products which makes buying items, especially cheaper ones, not appealing. (3) There is a delay before the buyer gets the purchased items, therefore buyers would not get the instant gratification involved with buying the item. And lastly, (4) fraudulent sellers discourage buyers from taking the risk to buy online.

My new business idea will eliminate the disadvantages of online selling while maintaining its advantages. This was actually inspired by a recent trip to Singapore. While perusing one of its many malls, I happened to stop by a curious looking store. This store had glass shelves with different sized compartments. Inside these compartments were the most interesting things: bejewelled iPhone cases, tiny character replicas and action figures, one of a kind collectibles, hand-made jewellery, etc. It was a "locker store" where individuals can rent a compartment (called a "locker") to house their wares for sale. I realized this business model may also work here in the Philippines. This is because sometimes, when online sellers want to boost their sales or meet up with buyers, they join weekend bazaars. Doing so allows them to create a physical presence for their online store. However, bazaars are temporary—most lasting only a few days, and joining one is labor intensive since the seller would have to be physically present to conduct business with customers. My idea is to put up a local version of a locker store with online sellers as target tenants.

I can get a store space at a mall for my locker store and rent out lockers to individual online sellers. I would have to do more research to figure out the optimal locker size but I would have to offer different sizes and configurations since Philippine online sellers sell a variety of items like clothes, books, shoes, jewelry, etc. For a minimal rental fee, sellers can get a small piece of prime selling real estate. I can provide merchant services like sales associates, credit card transactions, and sales monitoring. In exchange for these services, I will also ask for a small commission on sales. Sellers can use their lockers as an alternative or as a supplement to their online stores. Since I will be putting these stores in high traffic areas, sellers will be sure that they will get a lot of exposure to potential buyers even without online advertising. However, they also have the option to advertise their products online and redirect their potential buyers to their lockers. This allows buyers to see the actual product in person before deciding to buy it.

With this concept, overhead will remain small, there will still be virtually no effort needed to keep the store running, and sellers can still reach a huge audience. Aside from these, the disadvantages involved with online selling will also be eliminated making this a win win solution for both sellers and buyers.